Historically, the Church has used the following set of nine ways that one can participate in another’s sins. I take this from the Summa Theologica:
- by command
- by counsel
- by consent
- by flattery
- by receiving
- by participation
- by silence
- by not preventing
- by not denouncing
These nine items are a good test for our individual actions, but they also provide an excellent standard for corporate behavior.
